X-Ray Flourescence (XRF)

The laboratory is equipped with instruments that test for the concentration (%) of elements in samples. XRF is a fast technique, precise, and not destructive. Only a few mg of samples needed to be processed into a pressed pellet and glass bead. Besides having the floor-top XRF model, we also have Micro-XRF and Handheld XRF for services.

Instruments

1. Panalytical Axios Max WDXRF (Up-to-date caliration with new X-ray tube)

This instrument has been calibrated with up to 30 certified reference materials (CRMs) for 10 major elements such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, K2O, CaO, Fe2O3, Na2O, & P2O5. Using Omnion software, this instrument also can provide minor and trace elements up to ppm level. For XRF sample preparation, 0.7 grams is needed to form into glass bead and about 2 grams for pressed pallet. Around 1 gram sample is required for Loss on Ignition (LOI) determination. However, we recommend our client to send not less than 5 grams of each sample.

2. Bruker M4 Tornado Micro-EDXRF

This instrument is an energy-dispersive X-ray system (EDX) with the capability to map elements on its analysis. It has point analysis, area analysis, line analysis, and multi-point analysis modes. No sample preparation is required. However, for better results, the sample should have a flat surface. The analysis chamber can accommodate a sample of 330 x 170 x 180 (W x D x H) mm.

3. Bruker Handheld EDXRF

This instrument is a portable unit, that can be carried out to do analysis at the field or client's site. It has factory calibration for mudrock (for geological samples), ancient bronze (metal artifacts), precious metal (gold, silver, etc), and also industrial calibration such as stainless steel and RoHS. It is suitable for preliminary analysis or screening purposes for sampling and sending a sample to the lab for further analysis.

4. Sample preparation eg. fused disc and pressed pallet.

The laboratory is equipped with an electric fusion machine, The Ox from Claisse with six stations. The fusion machine can prepare fused beads for XRF analysis, can be used for laser ablation, and also a solution for ICP-MS